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Pharmaceuticals

Pharmacogenetics

Pharmacogenetics is the study of how genetic differences affect a person's response to medicine. Pharmacogenetics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenetic research and testing determine a person's ability to metabolize medicines and...

Pharmacogenetics Testing

Container Closure Integrity Testing (CCIT)

What is CCIT? Container Closure Integrity Testing (CCIT) is done to evaluate the strength and integrity of a container closure system. Testing of container closures is important as it ensures a sterile barrier against microorganisms and other potentially dangerous...

Preclinical Drug Development

The drug development process is an iterative process. Each stage of development helps to ensure the final product is effective and safe. Preclinical drug development, often called preclinical studies, is the stage in the drug development process where the safety of...

Compounding Pharmacies | USP 797

Compounding pharmacies are pharmacies that create personalized medications by mixing ingredients based on a doctor's prescription in an effort to meet a person's needs. Though compounding pharmacies lost popularity in the 50s and 60s when mass drug manufacturing...

What Are the Different Types of Stability Studies?

Stability studies are generally performed on pharmaceutical products, food and beverages, and beauty and cosmetic problems, as well as ingredients in each to evaluate how they are affected by external factors such as light, heat, humidity, temperature, stress, etc....

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CHNSO Analysis

Elemental analysis is the process of analyzing a sample to determine its elemental composition. One method of elemental analysis used for determining the content of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen is CHNSO analysis. Rapid CHNSO analysis is performed...

Urine Drug Toxicology Testing

Most drug toxicology testing is performed on urine samples, as most drugs are broken down and excreted through urine. Testing can also be done on blood, however, concentrations of drugs are usually higher in urine and testing is less invasive, faster, and cheaper....

Hepatotoxicity

Hepatotoxicity is a term used to describe damage to the liver caused by a medicine, chemical, or dietary supplement, or it can also be a side effect of HIV drugs. The liver's role in the body is to filter substances, such as medicines, from the blood. Liver damage...

Pharmaceutical Pharmacokinetic / Pharmacodynamic Studies

Pharmaceutical Pharmacokinetic / Pharmacodynamic Studies or PK / PD studies are techniques used in the study of pharmacology. Pharmacokinetic, commonly referred to as PK, is the study of what the body does and how it reacts to a drug. Conversely, pharmacodynamics,...

Pharmaceutical Drug Development

Extractables and Leachables Testing in Pharmaceuticals

Extractables and leachables testing helps the pharmaceutical industry identify extractables and leachables from drug packaging, containers, or container closures before they pose a risk to patients. Extractables extract from a container or device under controlled...

Extractables and Leachables Testing

Pharmaceutical Drug USP Test Methods

U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) is an organization whose main goal is to help improve human health by creating standards to ensure higher quality and safer pharmaceuticals, foods, and dietary supplements (learn more about USP standards). The FDA enforces standards set by...

Pharmaceutical Drug USP Test Methods

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